pub struct Cursor<T> { /* private fields */ }alloc_io)Expand description
A Cursor wraps an in-memory buffer and provides it with a
Seek implementation.
Cursors are used with in-memory buffers, anything implementing
AsRef<[u8]>, to allow them to implement Read and/or Write,
allowing these buffers to be used anywhere you might use a reader or writer
that does actual I/O.
The standard library implements some I/O traits on various types which
are commonly used as a buffer, like Cursor<Vec<u8>> and
Cursor<&[u8]>.
§Examples
We may want to write bytes to a File in our production
code, but use an in-memory buffer in our tests. We can do this with
Cursor:
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::io::{self, SeekFrom};
use std::fs::File;
// a library function we've written
fn write_ten_bytes_at_end<W: Write + Seek>(mut writer: W) -> io::Result<()> {
writer.seek(SeekFrom::End(-10))?;
for i in 0..10 {
writer.write(&[i])?;
}
// all went well
Ok(())
}
// Here's some code that uses this library function.
//
// We might want to use a BufReader here for efficiency, but let's
// keep this example focused.
let mut file = File::create("foo.txt")?;
// First, we need to allocate 10 bytes to be able to write into.
file.set_len(10)?;
write_ten_bytes_at_end(&mut file)?;
// now let's write a test
#[test]
fn test_writes_bytes() {
// setting up a real File is much slower than an in-memory buffer,
// let's use a cursor instead
use std::io::Cursor;
let mut buff = Cursor::new(vec![0; 15]);
write_ten_bytes_at_end(&mut buff).unwrap();
assert_eq!(&buff.get_ref()[5..15], &[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);
}Implementations§
Source§impl<T> Cursor<T>
impl<T> Cursor<T>
1.0.0 (const: 1.79.0) · Sourcepub const fn new(inner: T) -> Cursor<T> ⓘ
pub const fn new(inner: T) -> Cursor<T> ⓘ
Creates a new cursor wrapping the provided underlying in-memory buffer.
Cursor initial position is 0 even if underlying buffer (e.g., Vec)
is not empty. So writing to cursor starts with overwriting Vec
content, not with appending to it.
§Examples
use std::io::Cursor;
let buff = Cursor::new(Vec::new());1.0.0 · Sourcepub fn into_inner(self) -> T
pub fn into_inner(self) -> T
Consumes this cursor, returning the underlying value.
§Examples
use std::io::Cursor;
let buff = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
let vec = buff.into_inner();1.0.0 (const: 1.79.0) · Sourcepub const fn get_ref(&self) -> &T
pub const fn get_ref(&self) -> &T
Gets a reference to the underlying value in this cursor.
§Examples
use std::io::Cursor;
let buff = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
let reference = buff.get_ref();1.0.0 (const: 1.86.0) · Sourcepub const fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
pub const fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
Gets a mutable reference to the underlying value in this cursor.
Care should be taken to avoid modifying the internal I/O state of the underlying value as it may corrupt this cursor’s position.
§Examples
use std::io::Cursor;
let mut buff = Cursor::new(Vec::new());
let reference = buff.get_mut();1.0.0 (const: 1.79.0) · Sourcepub const fn position(&self) -> u64
pub const fn position(&self) -> u64
Returns the current position of this cursor.
§Examples
use std::io::Cursor;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::io::SeekFrom;
let mut buff = Cursor::new(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
assert_eq!(buff.position(), 0);
buff.seek(SeekFrom::Current(2)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(buff.position(), 2);
buff.seek(SeekFrom::Current(-1)).unwrap();
assert_eq!(buff.position(), 1);1.0.0 (const: 1.86.0) · Sourcepub const fn set_position(&mut self, pos: u64)
pub const fn set_position(&mut self, pos: u64)
Sets the position of this cursor.
§Examples
use std::io::Cursor;
let mut buff = Cursor::new(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
assert_eq!(buff.position(), 0);
buff.set_position(2);
assert_eq!(buff.position(), 2);
buff.set_position(4);
assert_eq!(buff.position(), 4);Source§impl<T> Cursor<T>
impl<T> Cursor<T>
Sourcepub fn split(&self) -> (&[u8], &[u8])
🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (cursor_split)
pub fn split(&self) -> (&[u8], &[u8])
cursor_split)Splits the underlying slice at the cursor position and returns them.
§Examples
#![feature(cursor_split)]
use std::io::Cursor;
let mut buff = Cursor::new(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
assert_eq!(buff.split(), ([].as_slice(), [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].as_slice()));
buff.set_position(2);
assert_eq!(buff.split(), ([1, 2].as_slice(), [3, 4, 5].as_slice()));
buff.set_position(6);
assert_eq!(buff.split(), ([1, 2, 3, 4, 5].as_slice(), [].as_slice()));Source§impl<T> Cursor<T>
impl<T> Cursor<T>
Sourcepub fn split_mut(&mut self) -> (&mut [u8], &mut [u8])
🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (cursor_split)
pub fn split_mut(&mut self) -> (&mut [u8], &mut [u8])
cursor_split)Splits the underlying slice at the cursor position and returns them mutably.
§Examples
#![feature(cursor_split)]
use std::io::Cursor;
let mut buff = Cursor::new(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
assert_eq!(buff.split_mut(), ([].as_mut_slice(), [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].as_mut_slice()));
buff.set_position(2);
assert_eq!(buff.split_mut(), ([1, 2].as_mut_slice(), [3, 4, 5].as_mut_slice()));
buff.set_position(6);
assert_eq!(buff.split_mut(), ([1, 2, 3, 4, 5].as_mut_slice(), [].as_mut_slice()));Trait Implementations§
§impl<T> AsyncBufRead for Cursor<T>
impl<T> AsyncBufRead for Cursor<T>
Source§impl<A> AsyncRead for Cursor<A>where
A: AsyncReadAt,
impl<A> AsyncRead for Cursor<A>where
A: AsyncReadAt,
Source§impl<A> AsyncReadManaged for Cursor<A>where
A: AsyncReadManagedAt,
impl<A> AsyncReadManaged for Cursor<A>where
A: AsyncReadManagedAt,
Source§type Buffer = <A as AsyncReadManagedAt>::Buffer
type Buffer = <A as AsyncReadManagedAt>::Buffer
Source§async fn read_managed(
&mut self,
len: usize,
) -> Result<Option<<Cursor<A> as AsyncReadManaged>::Buffer>, Error>
async fn read_managed( &mut self, len: usize, ) -> Result<Option<<Cursor<A> as AsyncReadManaged>::Buffer>, Error>
Self::Buffer. Read moreSource§impl<A> AsyncWrite for Cursor<A>where
A: AsyncWriteAt,
impl<A> AsyncWrite for Cursor<A>where
A: AsyncWriteAt,
Source§async fn write_vectored<T>(&mut self, buf: T) -> BufResult<usize, T>where
T: IoVectoredBuf,
async fn write_vectored<T>(&mut self, buf: T) -> BufResult<usize, T>where
T: IoVectoredBuf,
write, except that it write bytes from a buffer implements
IoVectoredBuf into the source. Read more§impl AsyncWrite for Cursor<&mut [u8]>
impl AsyncWrite for Cursor<&mut [u8]>
§fn poll_write(
self: Pin<&mut Cursor<&mut [u8]>>,
_: &mut Context<'_>,
buf: &[u8],
) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
fn poll_write( self: Pin<&mut Cursor<&mut [u8]>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &[u8], ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
buf into the object. Read more§fn poll_write_vectored(
self: Pin<&mut Cursor<&mut [u8]>>,
_: &mut Context<'_>,
bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>],
) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
fn poll_write_vectored( self: Pin<&mut Cursor<&mut [u8]>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>], ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
poll_write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read more§fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool
fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool
poll_write_vectored
implementation. Read more§impl AsyncWrite for Cursor<&mut Vec<u8>>
impl AsyncWrite for Cursor<&mut Vec<u8>>
§fn poll_write(
self: Pin<&mut Cursor<&mut Vec<u8>>>,
_: &mut Context<'_>,
buf: &[u8],
) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
fn poll_write( self: Pin<&mut Cursor<&mut Vec<u8>>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &[u8], ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
buf into the object. Read more§fn poll_write_vectored(
self: Pin<&mut Cursor<&mut Vec<u8>>>,
_: &mut Context<'_>,
bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>],
) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
fn poll_write_vectored( self: Pin<&mut Cursor<&mut Vec<u8>>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>], ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
poll_write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read more§fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool
fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool
poll_write_vectored
implementation. Read more§impl AsyncWrite for Cursor<Vec<u8>>
impl AsyncWrite for Cursor<Vec<u8>>
§fn poll_write(
self: Pin<&mut Cursor<Vec<u8>>>,
_: &mut Context<'_>,
buf: &[u8],
) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
fn poll_write( self: Pin<&mut Cursor<Vec<u8>>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &[u8], ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
buf into the object. Read more§fn poll_write_vectored(
self: Pin<&mut Cursor<Vec<u8>>>,
_: &mut Context<'_>,
bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>],
) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
fn poll_write_vectored( self: Pin<&mut Cursor<Vec<u8>>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>], ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
poll_write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read more§fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool
fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool
poll_write_vectored
implementation. Read more§impl AsyncWrite for Cursor<Box<[u8]>>
impl AsyncWrite for Cursor<Box<[u8]>>
§fn poll_write(
self: Pin<&mut Cursor<Box<[u8]>>>,
_: &mut Context<'_>,
buf: &[u8],
) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
fn poll_write( self: Pin<&mut Cursor<Box<[u8]>>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, buf: &[u8], ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
buf into the object. Read more§fn poll_write_vectored(
self: Pin<&mut Cursor<Box<[u8]>>>,
_: &mut Context<'_>,
bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>],
) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
fn poll_write_vectored( self: Pin<&mut Cursor<Box<[u8]>>>, _: &mut Context<'_>, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>], ) -> Poll<Result<usize, Error>>
poll_write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read more§fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool
fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool
poll_write_vectored
implementation. Read more§impl<T> Buf for Cursor<T>
Available on crate feature std only.
impl<T> Buf for Cursor<T>
std only.§fn remaining(&self) -> usize
fn remaining(&self) -> usize
§fn chunk(&self) -> &[u8] ⓘ
fn chunk(&self) -> &[u8] ⓘ
Buf::remaining(). Note that this can return a shorter slice (this
allows non-continuous internal representation). Read more§fn chunks_vectored<'a>(&'a self, dst: &mut [IoSlice<'a>]) -> usize
fn chunks_vectored<'a>(&'a self, dst: &mut [IoSlice<'a>]) -> usize
§fn has_remaining(&self) -> bool
fn has_remaining(&self) -> bool
§fn copy_to_slice(&mut self, dst: &mut [u8])
fn copy_to_slice(&mut self, dst: &mut [u8])
§fn get_u16(&mut self) -> u16
fn get_u16(&mut self) -> u16
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§fn try_get_u8(&mut self) -> Result<u8, TryGetError>
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fn copy_to_bytes(&mut self, len: usize) -> Bytes
1.0.0 · Source§impl<T> BufRead for Cursor<T>
impl<T> BufRead for Cursor<T>
Source§fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize)
fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize)
amount of additional bytes from the internal buffer as having been read.
Subsequent calls to read only return bytes that have not been marked as read. Read moreSource§fn has_data_left(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Error>
fn has_data_left(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Error>
buf_read_has_data_left)read. Read more1.83.0 · Source§fn skip_until(&mut self, byte: u8) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn skip_until(&mut self, byte: u8) -> Result<usize, Error>
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use std::io;
use crossterm::{ExecutableCommand, style::Print};
fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
// will be executed directly
io::stdout()
.execute(Print("sum:\n".to_string()))?
.execute(Print(format!("1 + 1= {} ", 1 + 1)))?;
Ok(())
// ==== Output ====
// sum:
// 1 + 1 = 2
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Queues the given command for further execution.
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use std::io::{self, Write};
use crossterm::{QueueableCommand, style::Print};
fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
// `Print` will executed executed when `flush` is called.
stdout
.queue(Print("foo 1\n".to_string()))?
.queue(Print("foo 2".to_string()))?;
// some other code (no execution happening here) ...
// when calling `flush` on `stdout`, all commands will be written to the stdout and therefore executed.
stdout.flush()?;
Ok(())
// ==== Output ====
// foo 1
// foo 2
}Have a look over at the Command API for more details.
§Notes
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Performs a set of actions within a synchronous update.
Updates will be suspended in the terminal, the function will be executed against self, updates will be resumed, and a flush will be performed.
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Function
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§Examples
use std::io;
use crossterm::{ExecutableCommand, SynchronizedUpdate, style::Print};
fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
stdout.sync_update(|stdout| {
stdout.execute(Print("foo 1\n".to_string()))?;
stdout.execute(Print("foo 2".to_string()))?;
// The effects of the print command will not be present in the terminal
// buffer, but not visible in the terminal.
std::io::Result::Ok(())
})?;
// The effects of the commands will be visible.
Ok(())
// ==== Output ====
// foo 1
// foo 2
}§Notes
This command is performed only using ANSI codes, and will do nothing on terminals that do not support ANSI codes, or this specific extension.
When rendering the screen of the terminal, the Emulator usually iterates through each visible grid cell and renders its current state. With applications updating the screen a at higher frequency this can cause tearing.
This mode attempts to mitigate that.
When the synchronization mode is enabled following render calls will keep rendering the last rendered state. The terminal Emulator keeps processing incoming text and sequences. When the synchronized update mode is disabled again the renderer may fetch the latest screen buffer state again, effectively avoiding the tearing effect by unintentionally rendering in the middle a of an application screen update.